Please see post: “GOES-14 1-minute Imagery use in SPC with Texas Severe (5/21/2014)” from 05/22/2014 for a some background information regarding the GOES-14 1-minute imagery: http://atomic-temporary-39547612.wpcomstaging.com/2014/05/22/goes-14-1-minute-imagery-use-in-spc-with-texas-severe-521/. For more 1-minute imagery information and examples, please visit the following page:  http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/srsor2014/GOES-14_SRSOR.html

Another example of GOES-14 Super Rapid Scan Operations for GOES-R (SRSOR) 1-minute imagery being utilized in the SPC forecast process comes from May 23 afternoon convection over the Carolinas. A SPC slight risk for severe weather existed along the Carolina coasts, with large hail and damaging winds posing the greatest threat. By 20Z, two SPC severe thunderstorm watches had already been issued for the Carolinas, anticipating severe weather development in the coming hours. The 1-minute imagery was being looked at closely for convective initiation, with a SPC watch update mesoscale discussion issued at 2014Z (Fig. 1). In the text, the forecaster mentions, “1-MIN RESOLUTION VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY AND LIGHTNING STRIKES INDICATE INCIPIENT TSTM DEVELOPMENT OVER MARION/FLORENCE COUNTIES OF SC. ADDITIONAL CLUMPING OF CU HAS BEEN NOTED INTO PARTS OF SERN NC.”

Fig 1: SPC MD #671. Full text product can be found on the web at: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2014/md0671.html

Figure 2 shows GOES-14 1-minute imagery from 1902Z to 2130Z. Notice the significant clumping of cu, as noted in the MD, that occurred between 1900 and 2000Z in northeast South Carolina and eastern North Carolina. Between 2000 and 2130Z, convection initiated out of these two areas, as is seen in the 1-minute imagery.

Fig. 2: May 23, 2014 1902-2130 UTC GOES-14 1-minute visible imagery.

Severe hail was reported with the convection in South Carolina (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3: June 17, 2014 SPC storm reports.

Many SPC forecasters have found the 1-minute imagery to be quite valuable when monitoring for convective initiation as was evident in the case discussed in this post. A few SPC forecaster comments regarding their use of the 1-minute imagery in the pre-storm environment follow:

“The one-minute imagery helped me to anticipate areas of new convective development as well, which was useful in developing short-term forecasts and mesoscale discussions for severe weather. ” 

“… having the data available routinely would very likely, over time, allow forecasters to gain a better understanding of processes related to convective initiation, as these processes occurring within a cu field would be visually revealed in high temporal -resolution data in a way that 15- or 30-minute imagery cannot as clearly depict.”

“In the pre-storm environment, these data were especially helpful in monitoring the vertical growth of cumulus convection and in the identification of boundaries.”

“I found it to be very useful in… Using cloud character  and trends to diagnose boundary locations and motion, and nowcast their potential for either CI or influences on upshear storms to interact therewith.”

– Bill Line, SPC/HWT Satellite Liaison

Please see post: “GOES-14 1-minute Imagery use in SPC with Texas Severe (5/21/2014)” from 05/22/2014 for a some background information regarding the GOES-14 1-minute imagery: http://atomic-temporary-39547612.wpcomstaging.com/2014/05/22/goes-14-1-minute-imagery-use-in-spc-with-texas-severe-521/. For more 1-minute imagery information and examples, please visit the following page:  http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/srsor2014/GOES-14_SRSOR.html

Another example of the utilization of GOES-14 Super Rapid Scan Operations for GOES-R (SRSOR) 1-minute imagery in an Storm Prediction Center (SPC) forecaster’s decision-making process came during the early to mid afternoon hours of May 22, 2014. Severe weather was expected to develop from New York south into eastern Virginia where strong heating and destabilization were expected to occur in the presence of decent deep layer shear. SPC forecasters were interrogating the 1-minute imagery around the Pennsylvania/New York border already by 1549Z, when a Mesoscale Discussion (MD) was issued (Fig. 1). The forecaster mentions in the text that “1-MIN RESOLUTION VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS DEEPENING CU AND SMALL CBS FORMING ALONG/JUST AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT STRETCHING FROM AROUND 25 S ROC TO ZZV.”

Fig. 1: SPC MD #653. Full text product can be found on the web at: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2014/md0653.html

A severe thunderstorm watch was issued for much of eastern New York and eastern Pennsylvania at 1640Z anticipating the development of severe convection out of the growing cu field. At 1719 UTC, a watch update MD was issued for the watch area (Fig. 2), noting: “AREAS OF CLUMPING CU EVIDENT IN 1-MIN RESOLUTION VISIBLE IMAGERY FROM S-CNTTRL PA TO CNTRL VA SHOULD EVOLVE INTO ISOLATED TO SCATTERED STORMS BY 19-20Z.”

Fig. 2: SPC MD # 654. Full text product can be found on the web at: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/2014/md0654.html

Figure 3 shows a 3 hour animation of the 1-min visible imagery in the region of concern. Note the deepening cu field and eventual clumping of cu across northern PA into southern New York between 15 and 17Z as mentioned in the two MD’s, followed by the eventual growth of robust convection between 17 and 18Z.

Fig. 3: May 22, 2014 1501 – 1802 UTC GOES-14 1-minute visible imagery.

Convection would continue to grow upscale out of this cu field, primarily producing widespread severe hail across the region, with the first report coming in at 1722Z (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4: SPC storm reports for May 22, 2014.

A SPC forecaster commented on the use of the 1-min imagery in operations during this event: “This has provided extra confidence and lead time for the issuance of two mesoscale discussions compared to the normal satellite update frequency/latency. With weakly forced, nebulous low-level boundaries over the Northeast today, the ability to see where boundary layer cumulus is deepening and clumping in this manner is quite striking. It’s analogous to the difference between watching high-def TVs vs. standard def, especially noticeable when switching back and forth to the normal GOES imagery.”

The forecaster went on to mention that “Satellite imagery at 1-min temporal resolution needs to become the new standard for severe weather operations.”

– Bill Line, SPC/HWT Satellite Liaison